Connect to the power grid or build your own power plant - what do Russian entrepreneurs choose? Generation of electricity from wind Types of generating equipment of autonomous power plants.

Date of writing: 25.04.2022

Reading time: 24 minutes

The generation of electricity from wind is one of the promising forms of business, and the achievements of modern applied science allow small and medium-sized businesses to enter this area of activity.

In Russia, electricity tariffs have more than tripled since 2000 (only in 2012 the price of electricity increased by 15%), in the near future the price of electricity will be higher than in the US and Europe. Most of the existing power plants built in the 70-80s of the last century are operating at the limit of their capacities, while there is a shortage of electricity, especially in Eastern Siberia and the Far East.

In this regard, the power generation industry is very promising and very attractive for investment.

Do you think that entering this market costs billions of rubles and is beyond the power of small and medium-sized businesses? You are wrong! This market has room for small and medium-sized companies.

Entry into the electricity generation market can be achieved with the help of wind farms. Recently, science has made a significant breakthrough in the development of alternative energy sources, so a Siemens wind turbine can generate 100 times more electricity than wind turbines used 25 years ago (3.6 megawatts, rotor diameter 107 meters).

Currently, wind farms are offered on the market with various capacities, ranging from 1 kW per hour to 1 MW per hour, check out the different types.

The EuroWind 100 wind generator with a rated power of 100 kW per hour costs about 6,000,000 rubles (including delivery and installation)

With a wind speed of 4.5 meters per second per month, this installation can generate 27,000 kW of electricity, monetary terms revenue will amount to 110,000 rubles, for the year 1.3 million rubles. (calculations are made based on the price for 1 kW - 4 rubles)

And with a wind speed of 12 meters per second, the annual revenue will be 3 million rubles. Let's make a reservation right away in Russia there are very few places where the wind blows with such force all the time.

Excluding expenses (staff, rent, current repairs), the net profit from one power plant will be 600,000 rubles. (based on revenue of 1.3 million rubles)

Payback will be 10 years.

But due to the constant growth of electricity tariffs, the payback will happen much faster, let's try to calculate by assuming an annual increase in tariffs of 5%, so we have assumed an increase in costs (by 7% annually), generation without changes.

Of the year	price per 1 kW	Production per year, kW	Revenue	expenses	Profit
2012	4	324 000	1 296 000	600 000	696 000
2013	4,20	324 000	1 360 800	642 000	718 800
2014	4,41	324 000	1 428 840	686 940	741 900
2015	4,63	324 000	1 500 282	735 026	765 256
2016	4,86	324 000	1 575 296	786 478	788 818
2017	5,11	324 000	1 654 061	841 531	812 530
2018	5,36	324 000	1 736 764	900 438	836 326
2019	5,63	324 000	1 823 602	963 469	860 133
2020	5,91	324 000	1 914 782	1 030 912	883 871
2021	6,21	324 000	2 010 521	1 103 076	907 446
2022	6,52	324 000	2 111 047	1 180 291	930 757
					8 941 837

With this option, the payback will occur in 8 years, the return on investment will be 12.5% per annum.

This type of activity is practically risk-free: there are no sales problems, there is no competition, demand exceeds supply, there is significant support from the state (since alternative electricity is a priority for the development of the industry).

Important point: When choosing a location for a wind turbine, first you need to analyze what the average wind speed will be in this place.

What should a company do when faced with a shortage of energy or the need to expand production? The problem of obtaining electric power also arises before a company that has decided to open a new business, the cost of finished products in which significantly depends on the price-tariffs for electricity and thermal energy.

Business chooses energy supply options: power grids or an autonomous power plant?

There are two main options for generating electricity. The first way that immediately comes to the mind of an entrepreneur and seems to him the simplest and most effective is to connect to the general power grid in the guise of a guarantee supplier that sells electricity to the end consumer. The same scheme is suitable in the case of an existing connection to the network, but a lack of electrical power.

Naturally, the main thing that worries a businessman at this stage is: - how much electricity will cost and what quantities and capacities he will be able to get.

The cost of electricity will depend, of course, on tariffs, and electric power - on the availability of a free reserve near the existing site. Ultimately, one way or another, electricity will be supplied by the meter, at tariffs for industrial enterprises, which in Russia remain high and increase every year by 10-15%.

What is the procedure for connecting to the network and obtaining limits on power and the amount of electricity? What are the Russian realities when connecting to public power grids?

First of all, the entrepreneur will face the need to fulfill specifications network company that will supply him with electricity. Everything will start with an application to the appropriate territorial company. The application is considered within the legally stipulated period, and in case of a positive decision, an agreement is concluded between the consumer and the power supply company.

Depending on the expected amount of electricity, as well as on the presence or absence of electricity transmission infrastructure - transformer substations (TS), power lines (TL) or electric cables - the customer will have to build a transformer substation at his own expense or, in case of a lack of bandwidth, upgrade the transformers supplying it , high-voltage cells, power lines, etc.

And after that, transfer all equipment to the balance of the network company free of charge! The estimated cost of a transformer substation with a high degree of readiness 6.3 / 0.4 kV, depending on the power (up to 5 MW), starts from 2 million rubles. Moreover, transformer substations differ from each other in terms of equipment composition and design; it is impossible to determine its cost in the absence of project documentation.

Design documentation for a transformer substation is paid separately, as well as additional services-works, including:

networking project,
installation, commissioning and delivery of technological process to the operating organization,
supervised installation of the supplied equipment,
customer technical support.

Each high-voltage cell costs an average of 600 thousand rubles. The construction of a power transmission line with a voltage of 6.3 kV will cost an average of 250,000 to 700,000 rubles per 1 km of the route. Laying a power cable - depending on the complexity of the laying, plus the considerable cost of the cable itself.

In addition to direct construction costs, the customer is required to develop and coordinate a project in all necessary instances, which should be developed both for new construction and for the modernization of existing equipment.

Hence the corresponding timing of connection, which depends both directly on the amount of work required, and indirectly - on the availability of a power reserve and plans for the commissioning of generating capacities by a territorial company.

The official cost of connecting to medium voltage networks from 6 to 20 kV for each new or additional kilowatt is (depending on the region of Russia) from 10 to 45 thousand rubles. The cost of connection in Moscow corresponds to the upper limit of the specified range, and in the center of the capital it reaches 102,000 rubles per 1 kW!

Having gone through all the instances, built all the necessary network infrastructure, developed and agreed on construction and modernization projects, paid for connecting to the power grid and spent a huge amount of time and money on designers and contractors, the entrepreneur is left face to face with the network company. It is absolutely not immune from the growth of electricity tariffs, interruptions in its supply, as well as from its unsatisfactory quality of energy supply.

We eliminate the pain of connecting to the power grid and paying high tariffs - we are building our own power plant!

It is possible to eliminate the problems of electric grid power supply by going in a more modern way of solving the issue of power supply to the enterprise - namely, by building its own power center of the required capacity. What can be the determining factors influencing the decision to build an autonomous power plant?

As a rule, the attitude to the construction of their own gas power plant on the part of business is very wary. The novelty of autonomous power supply projects, and the reluctance of organizations to engage in non-core business, and the inability to sell excess electricity produced also affect.

Abroad, autonomous energy centers operate according to the following scheme: a mini-CHP covers the base load of the facility, and consumption peaks are taken from the external power grid. If, however, the power produced by the energy center is greater than the load of its own consumer, then the surplus electric energy at the established tariff is sold (!) To other consumers through external networks. Unfortunately, this scheme does not work in Russia, since the surplus of electricity produced in this way is small and “not interesting” for purchase by an external power grid.

By the way, it should be noted that in order to connect an autonomous power plant to an external power grid, it is necessary, first of all, to obtain the consent of the grid company itself. From the technical side, this task is solvable and not costly from a financial point of view.

An entrepreneur, as a rule, does not always have a good idea of what a power plant should consist of, what main and optional equipment it should be established who and how should create, coordinate and approve this project, and then build the energy center. And after commissioning - how to operate it all and supply with spare parts.

Meanwhile, the number of autonomous power plants of small and medium capacity in the world is in the thousands. The vast majority of these power plants run on natural gas - by far the most economically justified type of fuel. The main generating equipment of an autonomous power plant, as a rule, are microturbines, gas piston or gas turbine units.

The cost of building an autonomous power plant

The next issue that affects the customer's decision to build their own energy center is how much it will cost to implement the entire project, on a turnkey basis. What is the price of energy independence?

The customer is trying at this stage to take into account all possible costs, calculating the options, as well as using the experience of his production colleagues on similar objects. In doing so, he extensively engages his prospective construction contractor to assess the scope of costs - from design to commissioning - and the task of the contractor is to calculate the cost of implementation as fully as possible.

Today, the cost of building an energy center from 1 to 10 MW of installed capacity is on average from 20 to 90 thousand rubles per 1 kW, depending on the type and composition of the equipment of an autonomous mini-CHP, in the turnkey solution used.

Who can build an autonomous power plant?

On an engineering company that carries out work on the construction of an autonomous power plant.

In addition to performing its main functions - project development, supply of basic equipment, installation and commissioning - an engineering company must provide pre-project studies, help the entrepreneur in obtaining gas limits, in coordinating the project, obtaining permits, and possibly assist in solving financing project.

Operating costs - expenses for the maintenance of an autonomous power plant

Comparing the cost of connecting to the grid and building an energy center, we can conclude that it is more profitable to build your own energy center.
However, we must not forget that the operation of the power center will require certain costs.

Usually, all these costs are included in the cost of electricity produced and, as a rule, they do not exceed 30 kopecks per 1 kW / hour. A separate item of expenditure will be the cost of natural (main) gas - they will amount to 80 kopecks per 1 kW / hour. Taking into account minor fluctuations, the cost of 1 kW / hour can be considered equal to 1 ruble. And the free heat received at the same time? More about him below...

Bonuses or direct benefits of owning your own power plant

An important aspect that significantly influences the decision to build your own power plant is the ability to generate heat energy together with electricity without consuming excess fuel. This technology for obtaining thermal energy is called cogeneration.

In the production of electricity, any gas-fired power plant gives off heat energy. In order to collect heat energy, heat from the exhaust gases and coolant can be recovered through the installation of heat exchangers. At the same time, the gas fuel fuel utilization factor will increase from 30–45% to 75–90%.

Cogeneration plants are configured with circulation pumps and chemical water treatment systems. To remove peak heat loads, there is an economical boiler with calculated power parameters. Cogeneration units are equipped with automatic control, which connects all nodes and ensures that the specified temperature regimes are maintained in the electrical and heating systems. Automation of cogeneration plants includes electric drives, microprocessor controllers, temperature sensors, pressure gauges, computers and an equipped operator's station.

What types of power plants run on natural gas?

As the main generating equipment, gas piston (GPU) or gas turbine units (GTU) can be used. But the future owner is not concerned about the type of equipment used as the main one at his power plant, but the most effective solution that will allow, having solved the main task of providing the enterprise with electricity - heat, to minimize both the initial investment in construction and subsequent operating costs.

Types of generating equipment of autonomous power plants

The type of the main generating equipment affects the technological features of its operation. The overall fuel utilization factor, both for gas turbine plants and for gas piston plants equipped with a heat recovery system, is approximately 80%.

At the same time, the electrical efficiency of a power plant based on a gas piston engine is 40–44%, while for gas turbine plants this figure is usually 30–35%.
If the customer's priority is to generate electricity, and thermal energy is a by-product or is not required at all, then the use of a gas piston plant is more appropriate. In this case, much less fuel will be consumed to produce the same amount of electricity and, as a result, businessmen will have clear savings on gas payments, up to 30%, compared to gas turbines.

There is no universal formula by which one or another type of generating power equipment can be selected - a gas piston unit (GPU) or a gas turbine unit (GTU). Each autonomous power supply project is purely individual. For example, with a power plant capacity of 70 MW, using thermal energy, gas turbines are more appropriate.

During the construction of an autonomous power plant, the following key factors determine the choice of the main generating equipment:

the nature of the loads (electrical and thermal);
electrical efficiency;
remoteness from potential consumers of thermal energy;
fuel consumption;
required timeframe for implementation.

Economic efficiency of building your own power plant

Now let's consider the main issue - economic feasibility, the efficiency of building our own power plant. Business, entrepreneurs, first of all, are concerned about how long, given the initial investment in construction and subsequent operating costs for the power plant, the entire project will pay off. The following indicators are taken as the basis for this calculation:

electrical power required by the enterprise;
the cost of fulfilling the technical conditions for joining the grid company;
connection cost;
electricity tariff;
tariff for thermal energy;
the cost of building a power plant;
the cost of natural gas;
operating costs.

Payback period of own power plant

Calculations show that the customer, buying electricity from a grid company in the amount of, for example, 2 MW, is forced to spend about 28 million rubles every year. Buying heat - spend up to 10 million rubles a year. In the case of using your own power plant, all operating costs, including natural gas costs, planned Maintenance, Consumables and spare parts will not exceed 8–14 million rubles per year.

Recently become more and more demanded goods. They needed for autonomous power supply in various situations. A wood-fired electric generator will make it possible to get electricity almost anywhere. The device consists of a furnace and an element that converts thermal energy into electrical energy. This element heats up on one side and cools on the other. As a result, electricity is generated. In fact, this is a furnace with an energy converter element.

Such a generator can be bought ready-made, or you can even assemble it from improvised materials, which will cost literally a penny.

A wood-fired power generator is most suitable for providing a backup power source or in a small home, as well as the main autonomous source of electricity when camping or during outdoor recreation.

In addition to generating electricity, the furnace-generator performs the main function - heats the room In addition, you can cook food and boil water on it.

The generator does not produce a direct current of 12 volts. If you connect an inverter, you can convert direct current to alternating 220 volts.

Pros and cons of the device

Like any device, a wood-burning electric generator has its advantages and disadvantages. By comparing them, you can understand how much you need such an oven and which one to choose.

Advantages

Possibility of space heating up to 50 m3 and cooking,
compactness,
long service life,
The ability to use not only firewood, but also wood waste,
low energy cost,
Possibility to make your own.

For many people, the word plant is associated with huge workshops, smoke and tall chimneys. But that is long gone. Of course, gigantic factories producing oil platforms, ocean-going ships, turbines and steel are in operation and under construction. But a huge mass of products that we use in everyday life are produced in mini-factories. If only the state or a powerful corporation can build a giant plant, then a small group of people or even one person can create a mini-production for small businesses. You don't always need to have a lot of capital to get started. Recall that the automotive industry and television began with small workshops. Mini-factories in Russia is a fast growing business.

Investing in these industries provides a quick payback, as well as a high rate of return.

What is a mini-factory, in which industries is it most profitable? A mini-factory is an enterprise that employs from a few people to several dozen workers. What are the benefits of mini-factories for small businesses?

Consider everything in order

Mini-factories are extremely mobile. Mobility here is not only the ability to quickly transfer equipment to a new location, but, most importantly, it is the ability to adapt to rapidly changing market requirements. Mini-factories are reconfigured to new products within days or weeks.
Small-scale production is highly economical and profitable (with the right choice of a niche in the market). This is due to the fact that such industries do not have cumbersome administrative and maintenance personnel.
Small-scale custom-made products can be produced at mini-factories. The exclusivity of such works ensures their high profitability.
Mini-factories are characterized by a quick payback. As a rule, they do not require large capital investments during creation.

If you decide to create a mini-factory, then the first task is to determine the field of activity in which you intend to work.

There can be no universal solutions here. It all depends on the region in which you are located, the availability of raw materials, start-up funds, the market situation, etc. However, you can list some areas in which mini-workshops for small businesses are successfully operating. So let's consider some manufacturing business ideas for small businesses.

Production of building materials. In Russia, there are already many mini-factories for the production of bricks, concrete blocks, paving slabs, foam concrete blocks, etc. But this market is still not saturated enough. There are regions, especially remote from the center, where there is a shortage of such materials.
Food production. These are mini-bakeries, the production of dairy products, sausages, exclusive confectionery, soft drinks, dried fruits, etc. It all depends on your small production idea.
Household goods and plastic products. Here you can fully realize your ideas and ideas. One good idea can make you a millionaire. Think Rubik's Cube. Kitchen appliances, original appliances that make the work of the hostess easier, even souvenirs can be the start of a mini-workshop for a family business.
Household chemicals, auto chemicals, cosmetics. The capital investment is very low here, and the payback is very fast. However, it should be borne in mind that the market in this area is very saturated with goods of various price categories.
Recycling of waste plastics and waste paper. This type of activity is in high demand, but requires licensing and permits from fire and sanitation services.
Manufacture of metal products. Foundry, as well as forging, is easy to organize in limited areas. Production requires experience and sufficient qualifications.

Read also: Business plan for production drinking water: bottling from a well

Before you start building a mini-factory, you need to conduct a thorough market research of the products that you intend to produce. It is best to start with the products that you are familiar with. It is very important to evaluate the sources and reliability of the supply of raw materials, as well as the costs of marketing products. Assess your real financial possibilities. Indeed, in any work there can be failures and temporary failures. Write a business plan. When drawing up a business plan, take into account the cost of renting production space (if you do not have your own), transportation costs and repair work.

Business plan

Consider drawing up a short business plan for the construction and operation of a mini-factory for the production of foam concrete blocks.

Initial data

An analysis of the situation on the building materials market showed that in our region there is an intensive construction of low-rise buildings and cottages. There is no production of heat-insulating and structural foam concrete in our region. Nearby there is a cement plant, a sand pit, as well as metallurgical slag dumps. A decision was made to build a mini-factory for the production of foam concrete blocks with a capacity of 10 m3 per shift. The average selling price of foam blocks of various brands is 2400 rubles / m3.

Risk Analysis

The main risks are the seasonality of construction work. To minimize this factor, during a favorable period of 5-6 months, we create a stock of materials that we sell in the winter for the arrangement of internal partitions. We stop production during the frosty period. There are no support staff costs at this time. Taking into account market conditions, existing equipment can produce cinder blocks. The equipment of the mini-plant is mounted and dismantled within 3-5 hours, which allows, at the request of customers, to produce foam concrete directly at the customer's construction site for the construction of monolithic structures.

Purchase of equipment

A set of equipment for producing foam concrete, depending on productivity, costs from 80,000 to 250,000 rubles. We have chosen a set of equipment for 100,000 rubles. Forms for foam blocks decided to make their own. The costs are 20,000 rubles. We have transport (a car with a carrying capacity of 3 tons). Thus, the cost of equipment is 120,000 rubles.

Plant location and preparatory work

The plant is supposed to be located in a production building with an area of 250 m2, which has a connection to the power grid. Water comes from a nearby artesian well. The rental price is 20,000 rubles. per month.

Current cost calculation

The calculation is carried out according to a conservative scenario, taking into account the shutdown of the plant in the winter. The cost of materials, electricity and water for the production of 1 m3 of foam blocks on average (for different grades) is 1400 rubles/m3, including transportation costs. With a production volume of 200 m3 per month, the cost of raw materials will be 280,000 rubles / month. Salary for hired personnel - 80,000 rubles / month, taking into account the UST (two workers are employed in production, we outsource bookkeeping). Rent - 20,000 rubles / month. So, the current costs are 380,000 rubles / month.

Read also: Equipment for the production of fiberglass reinforcement

Mini-factory payback calculation

The volume of sales per month is 480,000 rubles / month. Profit - 100,000 rubles. The payback period is less than 1.5 months. Thus, even taking into account the need to establish permanent relationships with consumers of products, the mini-factory pays off in one summer season. Taking into account seasonal fluctuations in sales, the income is about 600,000 rubles. in year.

Today you can buy complete mini-factories, both domestic and imported.

Below we give a list of some mini-factories, the payback of which ranges from 6 months to two years.

Production	Initial costs, rub.	Brief description of production
Production of profiles from galvanized sheet	400-600	Sheet metal bending machines allow the production of profiles for drywall systems, drainage, brackets, etc.
Production of tiles and tiles from polymer concrete	300-400	Production of tiles and tiles from sand, cement, waste polymers using press equipment
Production of building mixtures	200-300	Production is based on the preparation of recipes from finished raw materials (sand, gypsum, additives, etc.), grinding and packaging.
Mini bakery	500-600	Very quickly payback production, subject to successful placement, a wide range, High Quality products.
Production of polyurethane foam insulation for pipes and heating mains.	400-500	Production is based on injection of polyurethane foam mass into molds to obtain "shells" that are attached to pipes of various diameters.
Production of bricks and cinder blocks	from 1000000	The payback of production depends on the proximity and availability of raw materials (slag, clay, sand), as well as consumers in the region. Well-designed, high-quality recipes from available raw materials ensure quick sales and high profitability.
Mini pet food plant	200-300	There are complete mini plants on the market. Suppliers often offer a set of basic product recipes.
Production of sauces, mayonnaises and ketchups	800-900	In large cities, there is high competition in this segment, but in remote areas, production will be highly profitable.
Production of PVC profile windows	500-600
Production of exclusive paintwork materials	200-300	Complete equipment with a set of basic recipes allows the production of luminous and fluorescent paints.
Manufacturing of building nails	600-700	Production is implemented on a small area, does not require a large number of workers. Could be the backbone of a family business.

Mini factories for small businesses - 5 advantages + features of such production + 6 examples + 9 best mini factories.

People who decide to go into private business face certain problems at the initial stage. What field of activity to choose? Where can you buy the right equipment? How to save?

Mini factories for small businesses- a good solution for young businessmen, which simplifies the search for answers to the above questions.

Why is it worth buying a plant in a mini format?

Before you start your business in the manufacturing sector, you need to pay attention to all the pros and cons of such activities.

The advantages of buying a mini plant for business include the following factors:

Mobility.

Small in size, compared to full-fledged plants, this equipment is easy to assemble, install and transport.

Some mini factories are equipped with wheels, which allows you to quickly transfer them from one point to another.

Small dimensions.

This feature makes it possible not only to save on renting land and premises, but also, if necessary, to change the location of the mini-factory without any special costs.

Small cash outlay to start a business.

Due to the small size of the mini-plant, it becomes possible to save not only on the territory, but also on electricity. In addition, the maintenance of such equipment does not cause any special problems.

Efficiency.

This is probably the main factor that speaks about the benefits of such a business.

Relatively small economic costs make it possible to create an efficient enterprise that is able to compete fully in the chosen field of activity.

As for the disadvantages of mini factories for small businesses, there are not so many of them. They are mainly related to the fact that the equipment. This makes it difficult to purchase the necessary parts in the event of a malfunction.

But if you seriously approach the choice of a mini-factory, then you can pick up equipment that will last you a long time. In addition, recently there have been many Russian enterprises that specialize in the manufacture of such equipment.

Features of doing business using mini factories

Compared to large factories, starting a business using such equipment is much easier. But even here there are nuances and peculiarities.

No. 1. Niche selection.

To begin with, as in any business, you need to decide in which area of \u200b\u200bproduction you are going to work. It is desirable that the chosen activity is close and understandable to you.

An important role in choosing the direction of business is played by competitiveness and demand in the region. It is best to occupy a niche that has great prospects, but has not yet gained popularity among private entrepreneurs.

Time plays a big role. The faster you start manufacturing a unique product in your region, the more chances you have to take a leading position in this area of production.

No. 2. Business plan.

Clear and well thought out project own business is a very important factor in entrepreneurial activity.

For your business to be successful, you need to work on the following key points:

Calculate all expected expenses, starting from the purchase of a mini-factory, and ending with the cost of packaging the finished product.
Methods of delivery of products to the consumer, transportation costs.
Market search.
Location of the mini-format plant, search for employees.
Most often they use the countryside, since the cost of land is low, and the level of wages for workers is much lower than in large metropolitan areas.

No. 3. Preparation of necessary documents.

The main advantage in opening a mini factory format is that to start a business it will be enough to register as an Individual Entrepreneur. To do this, you should study the relevant section of the FTS website: https://www.nalog.ru/rn77/ip/interest/reg_ip/petition/.

Otherwise, everything happens according to the standard scheme: obtaining permission to open a mini-factory from various municipalities; checks of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, etc.

A positive impact on the speed of paperwork and obtaining permission from local authorities is the fact that your business is associated with social significance for the area. For example, a mini waste recycling plant will receive government approval. In this case, there will even be a good chance to receive financial support from the state for business development.

Mini factories for small businesses - an overview of the best options

To date, there are many ideas for the development of small businesses in Russia using mini factories. Such popularity is due, first of all, to the need to make small cash investments in business development.

Also, many investors are attracted by the quick payback of the mini-plant.

Given the above reasons, there are several areas of production that are of great interest to Russian entrepreneurs:

Construction.

The most popular field of activity in our country, which contributes to the emergence of a wide variety of mini factories. There are separate units for the production of concrete, bricks, consumable building materials, etc.

Also has a wide range of activities. You can purchase mini-factories of different directions:

meat processing;
production of dairy products;
production of confectionery and bakery products;
juice production, etc.

Waste recycling.
This field of activity, against the backdrop of worldwide concern about the state of the environment, is gaining great popularity in the Russian Federation. A significant advantage of such a business is the approval of the authorities, which gives a chance to count on subsidies from the state.
Light industry.
It is quite profitable to open a mini-factory for the production of textile and knitwear (clothes, shoes), household goods, cosmetics, etc.

Whatever area of production you choose, the main thing is to have knowledge in this area, analyze competitiveness and demand for goods. This will greatly increase the efficiency of your business.

Let's look at a few examples that use mini factory formats for small businesses.

Example #1. Brick production.

The cost of such equipment is from 1 million rubles and more. It should be noted that the cost of brick production is quite high. Buying one piece of equipment is not enough here - you will need different equipment. Also, the purchase of raw materials takes a considerable amount of money.

For example, for the manufacture of 1,000 bricks, about 800 kg of cement, 300 liters of water and more than 3,000 kg of basic raw materials will be needed. The capacity of equipment for such a business is usually very high, which also requires high costs - for electricity.

As we can see, a mini brick factory requires considerable material costs. However, the "financial output" from such an enterprise is very good. Many start-up entrepreneurs subsequently expanded their business, which brought even greater profits.

Example #2. Feed production.

It is advisable to open such an enterprise in countryside, closer to farm pastures. Thus, you will quickly gain a clientele and save on the delivery of goods.

This equipment carries out processing and crushing of grain (corn, wheat, barley, etc.). The quality of the product depends on the size of the crusher sieve to a greater extent. In the form of a room, you can use a garage or a barn. Heating is not required.

Due to its favorable location (near grain fields), most of the raw materials can be obtained from local farmers and agricultural enterprises.

Example #3. Concrete production.

To organize such a mini plant, you will need a concrete mixer, with which you can get a high-quality product. This option is likely to be perfect for large construction firms that serve large facilities. This can greatly simplify the work of the organization and save money (no need to turn to third-party services).

The mini format of a concrete plant is often made mobile so that it can be moved from one construction site to another. Transportation can be carried out using a tugboat or a tractor.

To buy such equipment, it is not necessary to be the owner of a construction organization. It can also be purchased by a private entrepreneur to rent to the same construction companies.

Example number 4. Production of foam blocks.

Foam block is a very popular material in construction. The equipment for their production is somewhat reminiscent of concrete mixers. However, the mixing of the mixture occurs in such a way that peculiar bubbles form in the finished material. This is done using a foam generator.

The main part of the costs for the manufacture of foam blocks will be for the purchase of cement. Before opening such a business, be sure to find a cement supplier that works on favorable terms.

The manufacture of foam blocks attracts many entrepreneurs because it does not require the use of any special technologies. The business is pretty simple and straightforward.

Example number 5. Milk processing.

The milk processing business is more complex than the previous examples. It is a whole complex, which consists of several stages of production. Accordingly, you will need several pieces of equipment to create a full-fledged mini-factory.

Depending on the cost of equipment, such a complex can process from 250 kg to 25 tons of milk in 24 hours. As a result, you can get a variety of dairy products (cottage cheese, Adyghe cheese, sour cream, etc.)

When opening such a business, you must be clearly aware of how much raw materials you will have. It depends on how much money you spend on the purchase of equipment.

To start such production, usually small workshops are organized.

Example number 6. Waste recycling.

This activity is very popular in Europe. The reason for this is the population growth in these countries, which leads to an increase in the amount of garbage produced. In addition, the ecological state of the Earth is getting worse, which forces us to come up with new ways to dispose of household waste.

Since this business area is distinguished by the increased attention of the state and is associated with the environment, it has some difficulties in paperwork. The bureaucratic process can drag on for several months. It is necessary to obtain a license from the Ministry of Ecology, permission from the sanitary and fire services, and much more.

The cost of opening such an enterprise can be measured in several million dollars. However, you can limit yourself to a business that specializes in the disposal of one type of waste. For example, let's say you want to go into plastic recycling.

For this you will need:

sorting unit;
conveyor;
press;
warehouse space.

You can improve your business and buy additional melting furnaces. Such a solution will significantly increase your income, since you will not only sort garbage, but also recycle it.

The following video will tell you about the advantages and disadvantages of mini-production.

Review best business ideas for starting your own mini-business.

Rating of the best mini factories for small businesses

If you decide to create small business based on the use of a mini plant, it is necessary to study in detail the characteristics and capabilities of the equipment.

Recently, China has become a leader in the manufacture of such equipment. This is not surprising, because the quality of the equipment is at a fairly high level, and price policy very attractive for a Russian entrepreneur.